New term so far...i suppose first time anything negative about nanotechnology I heard Nanotechn0lgy Pollution. one of the statments which i would like to quote is
While scientists were generally optimistic about the potential benefits of nanotechnology, they expressed significantly more concern than the general public about pollution and new health problems related to the technology.
Never thought of nanotechnology causeing health problems and pollution for more information check the link below
http://www.news.wisc.edu/14483
Wednesday, December 12, 2007
nanotechnology pollution
New term so far...i suppose first time anything negative about nanotechnology I heard Nanotechn0lgy Pollution. one of the statments which i would like to quote is
While scientists were generally optimistic about the potential benefits of nanotechnology, they expressed significantly more concern than the general public about pollution and new health problems related to the technology.
Never thought of nanotechnology causing health problems and pollution for more information check the link below
http://www.news.wisc.edu/14483
While scientists were generally optimistic about the potential benefits of nanotechnology, they expressed significantly more concern than the general public about pollution and new health problems related to the technology.
Never thought of nanotechnology causing health problems and pollution for more information check the link below
http://www.news.wisc.edu/14483
Monday, November 5, 2007
Nanoscience and Technology mission (NSTM)
Link: http://content.msn.co.in/News/National/NationalIndA_051107_1109.htm#top
THis article features the current stature of Nanotechnology in India and the "Five Year National-Mission" as it said planned by the DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (DST).The Nano science and technology mission is one of the major steps to get Nanotech one step forward from where it is currently. With bilions of investment and an aim of creating India Global hub for Research and Development(R&D)in NAnoscience and Nanotechnology the mission will kick start at three Nanoinstitutes of India (so far)Banglore, Kolkotta and Mohali.What impressed me the most was the closing paragraph of this entire article, which goes on like this
"Though India may have missed many a 'technology bus' over the decades, we cannot afford to miss the 'nano bus', as it is the future of the world, dominating science and technology in the 21st century," Rao said.
Thursday, November 1, 2007
Nanogenerator
Wireless biosensors that monitor pathogens in water and measure blood pressure or cancer biomarkers in the body are shrinking to nanometer dimensions. To operate them, researchers are looking for equally small power sources. Nanowires that convert mechanical energy into electricity are a promising technology.
Now researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) have taken the first step toward building a nanogenerator out of barium titanate. So far, efforts to make nanogenerators have focused on zinc-oxide nanowires. But barium titanate could lead to better generators because it shows a stronger piezoelectric effect, says mechanical-science and engineering professor Min-Feng Yu, who is leading the research at UIUC. Lab experiments show that a barium-titanate nanowire can generate 16 times as much electricity as a zinc-oxide nanowire from the same amount of mechanical vibrations, he says.
Nanogenerators could lead to many advances: biomedical sensors powered by blood flow or muscle contractions, tiny gas sensors that run on wind or acoustic waves, pathogen monitors powered by water flow, and portable electronics that are hooked up to nanowires in shoes. "The nanogenerator idea has become more and more convincing, " says Yi Cui, materials-science and engineering professor at Stanford University. "It's an idea that might work."
In 2006, a team of researchers led by Zhong Lin Wang of the Georgia Institute of Technology first showed that zinc-oxide nanowires could harvest mechanical energy to generate electricity. Wang's group has since made a lot of progress, most recently demonstrating a zinc-oxide nanowire array that outputs direct current in response to ultrasonic vibrations. (See "Nanogenerator Fueled by Vibrations.")
The UIUC team is the first to use barium titanate. In an online Nano Letters paper, Yu and his colleagues show that applying vibrations to a single barium-titanate nanowire leads to a small energy output. In their experiment, the researchers bridge a nanowire across a gap on a substrate, keeping one end stationary and moving the other end. The output energy is extremely small--about 0.3 attojoules--but for the same setup, a zinc-oxide nanowire gives 16 times lesssmaller energy output, Yu says.
Xudong Wang, a researcher in Zhong Lin Wang's (no relation) group and a 2007 TR35 winner, is happy to see progress on using materials other than zinc oxide to make nanogenerators. He says that the results look promising. The biggest advantage with using barium titanate, he feels, is that "it is possible to generate higher voltages than zinc oxide. This is very important for a power source."
But zinc oxide has its own advantages. It is nontoxic to biological systems, so it might be better suited than barium titanate for implantable devices. Also, it is easier to control zinc-oxide growth in order to fabricate nanowire arrays. "To make an applicable device, you need to have many nanowires with the same orientation in the same location," Xudong Wang says. That could be hard to achieve with barium titanate.
Yu acknowledges the difficulties with growing barium-titanate nanowires. His and his colleagues' work is preliminary at this point, he says, but it already shows the potential for making more-efficient, higher-output nanogenerators. As for Cui, he says that barium-titanate nanogenerators might be feasible, but he cautions that "in terms of making a working device, certainly there's still a way to go."
Now researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) have taken the first step toward building a nanogenerator out of barium titanate. So far, efforts to make nanogenerators have focused on zinc-oxide nanowires. But barium titanate could lead to better generators because it shows a stronger piezoelectric effect, says mechanical-science and engineering professor Min-Feng Yu, who is leading the research at UIUC. Lab experiments show that a barium-titanate nanowire can generate 16 times as much electricity as a zinc-oxide nanowire from the same amount of mechanical vibrations, he says.
Nanogenerators could lead to many advances: biomedical sensors powered by blood flow or muscle contractions, tiny gas sensors that run on wind or acoustic waves, pathogen monitors powered by water flow, and portable electronics that are hooked up to nanowires in shoes. "The nanogenerator idea has become more and more convincing, " says Yi Cui, materials-science and engineering professor at Stanford University. "It's an idea that might work."
In 2006, a team of researchers led by Zhong Lin Wang of the Georgia Institute of Technology first showed that zinc-oxide nanowires could harvest mechanical energy to generate electricity. Wang's group has since made a lot of progress, most recently demonstrating a zinc-oxide nanowire array that outputs direct current in response to ultrasonic vibrations. (See "Nanogenerator Fueled by Vibrations.")
The UIUC team is the first to use barium titanate. In an online Nano Letters paper, Yu and his colleagues show that applying vibrations to a single barium-titanate nanowire leads to a small energy output. In their experiment, the researchers bridge a nanowire across a gap on a substrate, keeping one end stationary and moving the other end. The output energy is extremely small--about 0.3 attojoules--but for the same setup, a zinc-oxide nanowire gives 16 times lesssmaller energy output, Yu says.
Xudong Wang, a researcher in Zhong Lin Wang's (no relation) group and a 2007 TR35 winner, is happy to see progress on using materials other than zinc oxide to make nanogenerators. He says that the results look promising. The biggest advantage with using barium titanate, he feels, is that "it is possible to generate higher voltages than zinc oxide. This is very important for a power source."
But zinc oxide has its own advantages. It is nontoxic to biological systems, so it might be better suited than barium titanate for implantable devices. Also, it is easier to control zinc-oxide growth in order to fabricate nanowire arrays. "To make an applicable device, you need to have many nanowires with the same orientation in the same location," Xudong Wang says. That could be hard to achieve with barium titanate.
Yu acknowledges the difficulties with growing barium-titanate nanowires. His and his colleagues' work is preliminary at this point, he says, but it already shows the potential for making more-efficient, higher-output nanogenerators. As for Cui, he says that barium-titanate nanogenerators might be feasible, but he cautions that "in terms of making a working device, certainly there's still a way to go."
Experimental Drugs
Two new classes of experimental drugs shown to have powerful muscle-building capabilities--selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) and myostatin inhibitors--have been added to the World Anti-Doping Agency's (WADA) list of prohibited substances for 2008. Neither class of drugs is yet on the market. But the agency, an international, independent organization based in Lausanne, Switzerland, that coordinates anti-doping regulations across sports, is gearing up for future abuse by limiting use among athletes and by developing new detection methods. "We now have convincing data on those drugs and what they can do," says Olivier Rabin, science director at WADA. "We have a duty to act as early as we can when drugs have the potential to be doping agents."
Unlike with testosterone and other anabolic steroids, the action of SARMs and myostatin inhibitors is restricted to muscle, likely limiting side effects. That's a very good thing for patients, but it also makes the drugs more attractive to those looking to bulk up. "I think there's a whole new horizon for anabolic therapies, and the potential for abuse will be exceedingly high," says William Evans, director of the Nutrition, Metabolism, and Exercise Laboratory at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.
Compounds of both classes are currently in clinical trials for muscle wasting related to diseases such as cancer and muscular dystrophy. There have been no official reports of athletes using these drugs, but because there previously have been cases of athletes gaining access to compounds in clinical development, WADA officials say that they want to act early.
SARMs work similarly to testosterone but in a more targeted way. "They are effective by binding to the steroid receptor in only specific tissue, like muscle," says Evans, who is also a scientific advisor to GTx, a company developing the drugs. "They are not steroid drugs, but they produce the anabolic effect of the steroids." GTx, based in Memphis, TN, has shown in a clinical trial that one compound being developed for muscle wasting and bone loss can significantly boost lean muscle mass in older people.
Myostatin inhibitors work through a fundamentally different mechanism. They block myostatin, a naturally occurring protein in the body that stops growth of skeletal muscle. Cattle, sheep, dogs, and, in one confirmed case, a human with mutations in this gene are extremely muscular. (See "Mimicking the Massively Muscular.")
Scientists have developed antibodies to myostatin and other molecules that can boost lean muscle mass in animals by as much as 60 percent. It's not yet clear how well myostatin inhibitors will work in humans. Clinical studies of two myostatin inhibitors are now under way for muscular dystrophy and other muscle-wasting diseases.
WADA is developing detection methods for both SARMs and myostatin inhibitors, although the agency declined to say how far along those tests are. "In fairness to athletes who stay clean, we don't say when detection tools are available," says Rabin. "We say when we detect the first athletes using the drugs."
ther groups are more public about their progress. Acceleron, a company based in Cambridge, MA, that is developing a myostatin inhibitor, says that it has already developed a test for research purposes that is capable of detecting the drug in blood. And scientists at the Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, are working on a test for SARMs.
Fortunately, scientists say that detecting abuse of these two new classes of drugs is likely to be easier than detecting two doping agents that have plagued the sports world in recent years. Erythropoietin, which stimulates growth of red blood cells and is used to treat anemia patients, is processed quickly by the body, making it difficult to detect.Human growth hormone, which boosts cell growth, is a naturally occurring hormone. Tests must be able to discriminate between the natural hormone and the pharmaceutically derived version. "People who are trying to cheat like to use a steroid naturally present in the body, because it makes it much more difficult for labs to detect," says Don Catlin, founder of Anti-Doping Research, a nonprofit research institute based in Los Angeles.
Myostatin inhibitors present a particularly interesting case for WADA. In 2004, scientists published a paper describing an abnormally muscular German toddler who carried mutations in both copies of his myostatin gene. The boy's mother, who had been a professional athlete, was found to have one defective copy of the gene, raising questions about how to deal with athletes who have naturally occurring genetic mutations that give them benefits similar to those offered by performance-enhancing drugs. "We have ethicists thinking about those issues and guiding us in the future," says Rabin. "We need to maintain fair play for all competitors." The issue is likely to grow as advances in genomics allow scientists to uncover additional variants linked to muscle, or other factors related to athletic ability.
Unlike with testosterone and other anabolic steroids, the action of SARMs and myostatin inhibitors is restricted to muscle, likely limiting side effects. That's a very good thing for patients, but it also makes the drugs more attractive to those looking to bulk up. "I think there's a whole new horizon for anabolic therapies, and the potential for abuse will be exceedingly high," says William Evans, director of the Nutrition, Metabolism, and Exercise Laboratory at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.
Compounds of both classes are currently in clinical trials for muscle wasting related to diseases such as cancer and muscular dystrophy. There have been no official reports of athletes using these drugs, but because there previously have been cases of athletes gaining access to compounds in clinical development, WADA officials say that they want to act early.
SARMs work similarly to testosterone but in a more targeted way. "They are effective by binding to the steroid receptor in only specific tissue, like muscle," says Evans, who is also a scientific advisor to GTx, a company developing the drugs. "They are not steroid drugs, but they produce the anabolic effect of the steroids." GTx, based in Memphis, TN, has shown in a clinical trial that one compound being developed for muscle wasting and bone loss can significantly boost lean muscle mass in older people.
Myostatin inhibitors work through a fundamentally different mechanism. They block myostatin, a naturally occurring protein in the body that stops growth of skeletal muscle. Cattle, sheep, dogs, and, in one confirmed case, a human with mutations in this gene are extremely muscular. (See "Mimicking the Massively Muscular.")
Scientists have developed antibodies to myostatin and other molecules that can boost lean muscle mass in animals by as much as 60 percent. It's not yet clear how well myostatin inhibitors will work in humans. Clinical studies of two myostatin inhibitors are now under way for muscular dystrophy and other muscle-wasting diseases.
WADA is developing detection methods for both SARMs and myostatin inhibitors, although the agency declined to say how far along those tests are. "In fairness to athletes who stay clean, we don't say when detection tools are available," says Rabin. "We say when we detect the first athletes using the drugs."
ther groups are more public about their progress. Acceleron, a company based in Cambridge, MA, that is developing a myostatin inhibitor, says that it has already developed a test for research purposes that is capable of detecting the drug in blood. And scientists at the Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, are working on a test for SARMs.
Fortunately, scientists say that detecting abuse of these two new classes of drugs is likely to be easier than detecting two doping agents that have plagued the sports world in recent years. Erythropoietin, which stimulates growth of red blood cells and is used to treat anemia patients, is processed quickly by the body, making it difficult to detect.Human growth hormone, which boosts cell growth, is a naturally occurring hormone. Tests must be able to discriminate between the natural hormone and the pharmaceutically derived version. "People who are trying to cheat like to use a steroid naturally present in the body, because it makes it much more difficult for labs to detect," says Don Catlin, founder of Anti-Doping Research, a nonprofit research institute based in Los Angeles.
Myostatin inhibitors present a particularly interesting case for WADA. In 2004, scientists published a paper describing an abnormally muscular German toddler who carried mutations in both copies of his myostatin gene. The boy's mother, who had been a professional athlete, was found to have one defective copy of the gene, raising questions about how to deal with athletes who have naturally occurring genetic mutations that give them benefits similar to those offered by performance-enhancing drugs. "We have ethicists thinking about those issues and guiding us in the future," says Rabin. "We need to maintain fair play for all competitors." The issue is likely to grow as advances in genomics allow scientists to uncover additional variants linked to muscle, or other factors related to athletic ability.
"It's a radically new technology"!!!!!
"It's a radically new technology," says Michael Kozicki, a professor of electrical engineering at the University of Arizona, whose group is one of several working on a version of the new memory. "If it really works as well as everybody thinks it could, it could genuinely revolutionize the memory and storage industry."
A new memory technology, which is under development at the University of Arizona as well as Companies such as IBM and Sony can create thumb drives or Digital camera memory card that stores a terabyte of information-more then what the hard drives today do.
Programmable Metallaization Cell or Nano-ionic memory is one of a new generation of experimental technologies that are bidding to replace hard drives, the nonvolatile "flash" memory used in portable electronics, and the dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) in personal computers. Before the practical usage of ionic memory was a bit too slow, but recent demonstrations of the materials structured at nanolevel happens to yield a faster ionic-memory hs changed the scenario. The easy-to-make state of art technology can be made from the materials used in the computer chips and microprocesors, as demonstrated by a recently published work of Arizona group. This will help the manufacutrers to integrate their existing technoloiges, thus no extra retoling, hence rendering them happy.
Ionic memories and Flash memmories
One more attraction of these memories is they use lower voltage thus consuming as little as a thousandth of amount of energy that a flash memory today consumes. In thory even the storage density of these memories (ionic memories)are much higher then todays technologies.
WORKING
The new storage technologies are used unlike the Flash memory tecnology where in which the information were stored in form of electrical charges. So smaller the memory cell that holds the bits of information, lesser the charge it holds,lesser is its reliability. In case of new technology the information are stored by rearranging atoms to form stable, and potentially extremely small, memory cells. What's more, each cell could potentially store multiple bits of information, and the cells can be layered on top of each other, increasing the memory's storage density to the point that it might rival that of the densest form of memory today: hard drives.
"Each memory cell consists of a solid electrolyte sandwiched between two metal electrodes. The electrolyte is a glasslike material that contains metal ions. Ordinarily, the electrolyte resists the flow of electrons. But when a voltage is applied to the electrodes, electrons bind to the metal ions, forming metal atoms that cluster together. These atoms form a virus-sized filament that bridges the electrodes, providing a path along which electrical current can flow. Reversing the voltage causes the wire to "dissolve," Kozicki says. The highly resistive state of the electrolyte and the other, low-resistance, state can be used to represent zeroes and ones. Because the metal filament stays in place until it's erased, nano-ionic memory is nonvolatile, meaning that it doesn't require energy to hold on to information, just to read it or write it"
A new memory technology, which is under development at the University of Arizona as well as Companies such as IBM and Sony can create thumb drives or Digital camera memory card that stores a terabyte of information-more then what the hard drives today do.
Programmable Metallaization Cell or Nano-ionic memory is one of a new generation of experimental technologies that are bidding to replace hard drives, the nonvolatile "flash" memory used in portable electronics, and the dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) in personal computers. Before the practical usage of ionic memory was a bit too slow, but recent demonstrations of the materials structured at nanolevel happens to yield a faster ionic-memory hs changed the scenario. The easy-to-make state of art technology can be made from the materials used in the computer chips and microprocesors, as demonstrated by a recently published work of Arizona group. This will help the manufacutrers to integrate their existing technoloiges, thus no extra retoling, hence rendering them happy.
Ionic memories and Flash memmories
One more attraction of these memories is they use lower voltage thus consuming as little as a thousandth of amount of energy that a flash memory today consumes. In thory even the storage density of these memories (ionic memories)are much higher then todays technologies.
WORKING
The new storage technologies are used unlike the Flash memory tecnology where in which the information were stored in form of electrical charges. So smaller the memory cell that holds the bits of information, lesser the charge it holds,lesser is its reliability. In case of new technology the information are stored by rearranging atoms to form stable, and potentially extremely small, memory cells. What's more, each cell could potentially store multiple bits of information, and the cells can be layered on top of each other, increasing the memory's storage density to the point that it might rival that of the densest form of memory today: hard drives.
"Each memory cell consists of a solid electrolyte sandwiched between two metal electrodes. The electrolyte is a glasslike material that contains metal ions. Ordinarily, the electrolyte resists the flow of electrons. But when a voltage is applied to the electrodes, electrons bind to the metal ions, forming metal atoms that cluster together. These atoms form a virus-sized filament that bridges the electrodes, providing a path along which electrical current can flow. Reversing the voltage causes the wire to "dissolve," Kozicki says. The highly resistive state of the electrolyte and the other, low-resistance, state can be used to represent zeroes and ones. Because the metal filament stays in place until it's erased, nano-ionic memory is nonvolatile, meaning that it doesn't require energy to hold on to information, just to read it or write it"
Sunday, October 28, 2007
Video shows buckyballs form by 'shrink wrapping' from PhysOrg.com
The birth secret of buckyballs -- hollow spheres of carbon no wider than a strand of DNA -- has been caught on tape by researchers at Sandia National Laboratory and Rice University. An electron microscope video and computer simulations show that "shrink-wrapping" is the key; buckyballs start life as distorted, unstable sheets of graphite, shedding loosely connected threads and chains until only the perfectly spherical buckyballs remain.
[...]
Thursday, July 26, 2007
Biochemistry the chemistry of life.It is tht science tht has made DNA (even a lay men now knows the fulform of DNA ) well jokes apart,it deals with those molecules and chemicals thaat governs us from within. It is about how chemistry can exist somewhere we can never expect it to exist-our very own body. Biochemistry is,in simple words,how life forms are governed by chemistry..and how important certain bi-molecules (as they are called) are.....!!!!!!!!!!
Thursday, June 21, 2007
About nano
Nanotechnology is the application of science and engineering at the atomic scale. It facilitates the construction of new materials and devices by manipulating individual atoms and molecules, the building blocks of nature. Nanotechnology enables the atom-by-atom design and fabrication of tiny structures that are very small, typically 1-100 nanometres, and which have new properties and powerful application in medicine and biotechnology, in energy and the environment, and in computing and telecommunications.
Nanotechnology is an extension of the discoveries and applications of quantum mechanics, which last century led to a detailed understanding of matter on the atomic scale, and to innovations such as transistors, lasers, and molecular biology. Despite the knowledge of atoms and molecules gained from quantum theory, only in the past 15-20 years were techniques developed to directly image, characterize and deliberately manipulate individual atoms and molecules. It is these techniques and their application that have led to the recent rapid advances in nano-scale science and engineering.
Nanotechnology is in its early stages of development, and much remains to be discovered. Building new and useful devices out of a few atoms or molecules is technically challenging, and occupies many of today's pre-eminent scientists and engineers in the best laboratories throughout the world. Many of the principles of how matter functions and organizes on the nano-scale – the so-called 'design rules' – have yet to be developed. A major challenge is determining how to assemble different types of nano-sized particles and devices, such as bio-molecules, nano-scale motors, and nano-electronics, into more complex systems that do new and useful things. Another challenge is connecting these tiny systems to the outside world so they can be controlled, monitored and provide useful information. These challenges are the principal focus of research activities at the National Institute for Nanotechnology, and are outlined in the NINT Research Plan.
Nanotechnology is an extension of the discoveries and applications of quantum mechanics, which last century led to a detailed understanding of matter on the atomic scale, and to innovations such as transistors, lasers, and molecular biology. Despite the knowledge of atoms and molecules gained from quantum theory, only in the past 15-20 years were techniques developed to directly image, characterize and deliberately manipulate individual atoms and molecules. It is these techniques and their application that have led to the recent rapid advances in nano-scale science and engineering.
Nanotechnology is in its early stages of development, and much remains to be discovered. Building new and useful devices out of a few atoms or molecules is technically challenging, and occupies many of today's pre-eminent scientists and engineers in the best laboratories throughout the world. Many of the principles of how matter functions and organizes on the nano-scale – the so-called 'design rules' – have yet to be developed. A major challenge is determining how to assemble different types of nano-sized particles and devices, such as bio-molecules, nano-scale motors, and nano-electronics, into more complex systems that do new and useful things. Another challenge is connecting these tiny systems to the outside world so they can be controlled, monitored and provide useful information. These challenges are the principal focus of research activities at the National Institute for Nanotechnology, and are outlined in the NINT Research Plan.
Thursday, June 14, 2007
Some of the prominant Pioneers in the field of nanotechnology
Robert F. Curl
Kenneth S. Pitzer-Schlumberger Professor of Natural Sciences and Professor of Chemistry. 1996 Nobel Laureate, together with Sir Harold Kroto and Richard Smalley for the discovery of fullerenes.
Richard P. Feynman
1965 Nobel Laureate in Physics for fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles.
James Gimzewski
He pioneered research on electrical contacts with single atoms and molecules and light emission using scanning tunneling microscopy.
Sir Harold Kroto
Became a Royal Society Research Professor in 1991 and was knighted for his contributions to Chemistry in 1996. Later that year, together with Robert Curl and Richard Smalley, received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for the discovery of C60 Buckminsterfullerene - a new form of carbon.
Richard Smalley
University Professor, Gene and Norman Hackerman Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Physics & Astronomy. 1996 Nobel Laureate, together with Sir Harold Kroto and Robert Curl for the discovery of fullerenes.
George Whitesides
Professor Whitesides and his group work in four areas: biochemistry, materials science, catalysis and physical organic chemistry.
Gerd Karl Binnig & Heinrich Rohrer
Inventors of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope (1981)
http://www.nano.org.uk/nano/pioneers.htm
This is the url wich gave me these prominant name
Robert F. Curl
Kenneth S. Pitzer-Schlumberger Professor of Natural Sciences and Professor of Chemistry. 1996 Nobel Laureate, together with Sir Harold Kroto and Richard Smalley for the discovery of fullerenes.
Richard P. Feynman
1965 Nobel Laureate in Physics for fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles.
James Gimzewski
He pioneered research on electrical contacts with single atoms and molecules and light emission using scanning tunneling microscopy.
Sir Harold Kroto
Became a Royal Society Research Professor in 1991 and was knighted for his contributions to Chemistry in 1996. Later that year, together with Robert Curl and Richard Smalley, received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for the discovery of C60 Buckminsterfullerene - a new form of carbon.
Richard Smalley
University Professor, Gene and Norman Hackerman Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Physics & Astronomy. 1996 Nobel Laureate, together with Sir Harold Kroto and Robert Curl for the discovery of fullerenes.
George Whitesides
Professor Whitesides and his group work in four areas: biochemistry, materials science, catalysis and physical organic chemistry.
Gerd Karl Binnig & Heinrich Rohrer
Inventors of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope (1981)
http://www.nano.org.uk/nano/pioneers.htm
This is the url wich gave me these prominant name
Tuesday, May 29, 2007
nanotechnology
Nanotechnology Career Course Institutions in India and Abroad
Other Career Courses
The science of the miniature- nanotechnology, though a relatively new field is fast emerging as the 'favourite of all' kind of technological arena due to its application in almost every field, from medicine to fabrics. 'Nano' in Greek means dwarf and material, when reduced to nanodimension (10-9metre =1namometre) shows drastic changes in Physical, Chemical, magnetic, optical, mechanical and electrical properties. This promises exiting applications in bioscience, medical science, environment, electronics, cosmetics, security and variety of other fields.
Everything on this earth is made up of atoms, which are the smallest particles. The properties of everything are determined by the arrangement of the atoms. Thus, if atoms in coal are rearranged, we can get diamond. At present, though scientists are able to move molecules and atoms in a mass yet they are still not able to precisely manipulate them. But in future, nanotechnology will allow as redesign easily and create what we want exactly. Further, nanomaterials would be very light, strong, transparent, and totally different from bulk material because they are a thousand times smaller than the diameter of human hair, which is around 60 microns.
The scope and application of nanotechnology is tremendous and mind-boggling. According to the scientists, 21st century would be the nanotechnology century. It is estimated that nanotechnology would revolutionize every area, be it medicine, aerospace, engineering, various industrial and technological areas, health or any other field. Nanobiotechnology can make tiny medical devices and sensors with fantastic military and civilian use. Converting sunlight into power, targeting a drug to a single malignant cell, cleaning ponds and creating sensors in the form of biochip, to be interested in the human body are some of the important landmark breakthroughs of nanotechnology. The technology has the potential to produce garments which can block chemical and biological weapons from touching the skin of a person.
Nanotechnology has many more applications. It can help detect narcotics and fingerprints of suspects in crimes. The technology can make canonized robots and repair damaged and diseased tissues. Nanobots may be made from carbon nanotubes to carry out functions like human beings. Nano- coatings are transparent, scratch- resistant and dirt repellent. Thus, it is estimated that there will be no sector of industry which will not use nanotechnology in future.
Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary subject which essentially combines Physics, Chemistry, Bio- informatics Bio- technology, etc. Though the field is at present in infancy stage (started some 16 years ago in India), the country is making dedicated efforts not to lag behind after starting work in this field. As a result, there is a great demand for students who do their M. Tech in nanotechnology because a large number of industries and laboratories in India and overseas would lab them up. There are many exciting new fields which will open up for the nanotechnology experts including-
Health Industry research and consulting- pharmaceutical, medical, agriculture, food and beverage, environment industries.
Research and development in government, universities and private research institutes
Education and academic
Entrepreneurial, management and investment advisors in biotechnology and research and development industry.
Product development and advising.
Communication and media, interfacing of new technologies.
Many new industries emerging as a result of advances in nanotechnology
To become a successful professional in the specified field of nanotechnology, it is important that you should have an M. Tech degree in the subject. To get into an M. Tech course, you should have a degree in Physics, Chemistry or Biotechnology. The M. Tech course is of great benefit because students who come from different streams enrich each other to intensify their knowledge.
There are many institutions which have started courses in nanotechnology;
Jawaharlal Nehru Center for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore;
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore;
National Physical Laboratory, Delhi;
Solid State Physics Laboratory, Delhi;
National Chemical Laboratory, Pune;
Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Chandigarh;
Defence Materials Store Research & Development Organizations, kanpur
Indian Institutes of Technology at Kanpur, Chennai, Guwahati, Delhi and Mumbai.
In addition, the Delhi and Benaras Hindu Universities (Varanasi) are also conducting research in nanotechnology. It is important to note here that although these institutions are focusing on research, there is no institute exclusively providing courses in nanotechnology.
In private sector also, there is one institute, Amity Institute of nanotechnology, Noida, which offers a two- year M. Tech degree programme. The education provided is comprehensive. Students are provided the opportunity to Get trained at reputed institutes like Solid State Physics Laboratory, National Physical Laboratory, Delhi University, Indian Institute of Technology and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, etc.
Anticipating huge gains in future, countries like USA, UK, Japan, China, Germany and France have invested a lot of funds and have also focused programme at the national level. The USA, under its National Initiatives in Nanotechnology, is planning to invest $1 trillion by 2015. The Indian Government has started a scheme "S&T Initiatives in Nanotechnology" with a starting capital fund of Rs. 100 crore for five years.
There is a growing demand for nanotechnology, you will start with a monthly salary of Rs. 20,000 to Rs. 30,000. The further rise is manifold and perks could be much more.
Other Career Courses
The science of the miniature- nanotechnology, though a relatively new field is fast emerging as the 'favourite of all' kind of technological arena due to its application in almost every field, from medicine to fabrics. 'Nano' in Greek means dwarf and material, when reduced to nanodimension (10-9metre =1namometre) shows drastic changes in Physical, Chemical, magnetic, optical, mechanical and electrical properties. This promises exiting applications in bioscience, medical science, environment, electronics, cosmetics, security and variety of other fields.
Everything on this earth is made up of atoms, which are the smallest particles. The properties of everything are determined by the arrangement of the atoms. Thus, if atoms in coal are rearranged, we can get diamond. At present, though scientists are able to move molecules and atoms in a mass yet they are still not able to precisely manipulate them. But in future, nanotechnology will allow as redesign easily and create what we want exactly. Further, nanomaterials would be very light, strong, transparent, and totally different from bulk material because they are a thousand times smaller than the diameter of human hair, which is around 60 microns.
The scope and application of nanotechnology is tremendous and mind-boggling. According to the scientists, 21st century would be the nanotechnology century. It is estimated that nanotechnology would revolutionize every area, be it medicine, aerospace, engineering, various industrial and technological areas, health or any other field. Nanobiotechnology can make tiny medical devices and sensors with fantastic military and civilian use. Converting sunlight into power, targeting a drug to a single malignant cell, cleaning ponds and creating sensors in the form of biochip, to be interested in the human body are some of the important landmark breakthroughs of nanotechnology. The technology has the potential to produce garments which can block chemical and biological weapons from touching the skin of a person.
Nanotechnology has many more applications. It can help detect narcotics and fingerprints of suspects in crimes. The technology can make canonized robots and repair damaged and diseased tissues. Nanobots may be made from carbon nanotubes to carry out functions like human beings. Nano- coatings are transparent, scratch- resistant and dirt repellent. Thus, it is estimated that there will be no sector of industry which will not use nanotechnology in future.
Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary subject which essentially combines Physics, Chemistry, Bio- informatics Bio- technology, etc. Though the field is at present in infancy stage (started some 16 years ago in India), the country is making dedicated efforts not to lag behind after starting work in this field. As a result, there is a great demand for students who do their M. Tech in nanotechnology because a large number of industries and laboratories in India and overseas would lab them up. There are many exciting new fields which will open up for the nanotechnology experts including-
Health Industry research and consulting- pharmaceutical, medical, agriculture, food and beverage, environment industries.
Research and development in government, universities and private research institutes
Education and academic
Entrepreneurial, management and investment advisors in biotechnology and research and development industry.
Product development and advising.
Communication and media, interfacing of new technologies.
Many new industries emerging as a result of advances in nanotechnology
To become a successful professional in the specified field of nanotechnology, it is important that you should have an M. Tech degree in the subject. To get into an M. Tech course, you should have a degree in Physics, Chemistry or Biotechnology. The M. Tech course is of great benefit because students who come from different streams enrich each other to intensify their knowledge.
There are many institutions which have started courses in nanotechnology;
Jawaharlal Nehru Center for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore;
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore;
National Physical Laboratory, Delhi;
Solid State Physics Laboratory, Delhi;
National Chemical Laboratory, Pune;
Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Chandigarh;
Defence Materials Store Research & Development Organizations, kanpur
Indian Institutes of Technology at Kanpur, Chennai, Guwahati, Delhi and Mumbai.
In addition, the Delhi and Benaras Hindu Universities (Varanasi) are also conducting research in nanotechnology. It is important to note here that although these institutions are focusing on research, there is no institute exclusively providing courses in nanotechnology.
In private sector also, there is one institute, Amity Institute of nanotechnology, Noida, which offers a two- year M. Tech degree programme. The education provided is comprehensive. Students are provided the opportunity to Get trained at reputed institutes like Solid State Physics Laboratory, National Physical Laboratory, Delhi University, Indian Institute of Technology and All India Institute of Medical Sciences, etc.
Anticipating huge gains in future, countries like USA, UK, Japan, China, Germany and France have invested a lot of funds and have also focused programme at the national level. The USA, under its National Initiatives in Nanotechnology, is planning to invest $1 trillion by 2015. The Indian Government has started a scheme "S&T Initiatives in Nanotechnology" with a starting capital fund of Rs. 100 crore for five years.
There is a growing demand for nanotechnology, you will start with a monthly salary of Rs. 20,000 to Rs. 30,000. The further rise is manifold and perks could be much more.
Thursday, March 15, 2007
Nano This and Nano That
Last Updated: Monday, 14-Aug-2006 17:00:00 PDT
We've all seen articles, papers, and predictions based on Nanotubes - they seem to be everywhere these days. Here is just one prediction: "Nanofibers (nanotubes) may offer the potential for creating some astoundingly large and strong space structures; they may make the prospect of rotating orbital colonies feasible." See The Use of Nanofibers in Space Construction for one speculative view.
Over the past year or so, we have seen a myriad other varieites of nano -this and nano -that. From nanosprings and nanohorns, to nanorods and nanomesh, there are nanoscale whosits and nanoscale whatsits gallore. Why, on Google alone, there are 9,950,000 pages that contain, somewhere, the word "nano"!
Last Updated: Monday, 14-Aug-2006 17:00:00 PDT
We've all seen articles, papers, and predictions based on Nanotubes - they seem to be everywhere these days. Here is just one prediction: "Nanofibers (nanotubes) may offer the potential for creating some astoundingly large and strong space structures; they may make the prospect of rotating orbital colonies feasible." See The Use of Nanofibers in Space Construction for one speculative view.
Over the past year or so, we have seen a myriad other varieites of nano -this and nano -that. From nanosprings and nanohorns, to nanorods and nanomesh, there are nanoscale whosits and nanoscale whatsits gallore. Why, on Google alone, there are 9,950,000 pages that contain, somewhere, the word "nano"!
Nanotechnology
The god of small things......rite said i suppose...All you nanoenthusiats lets start bloggin over it and exchange our views on the same .......
Wat is it yhow did it develop new topics new inventions i this field evrything i will try gettin as much possible from all corners...
you just have to ask in there .....
The god of small things......rite said i suppose...All you nanoenthusiats lets start bloggin over it and exchange our views on the same .......
Wat is it yhow did it develop new topics new inventions i this field evrything i will try gettin as much possible from all corners...
you just have to ask in there .....
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